South Korea faces mounting concerns that its virtual asset taxation, scheduled to begin in January 2027, could face a fourth postponement due to persistent infrastructure gaps and unclear regulatory guidelines.
Despite five years since the tax law’s initial approval in 2020 and three previous delays, authorities have failed to establish critical systems for transaction monitoring, income classification, and cross-border enforcement, raising serious doubts about whether the government can deliver on its latest implementation promise.
According to a local report, Kim Kab-lae, a senior researcher at the Capital Market Research Institute, warned that core deficiencies in the taxation framework remain unresolved.
“If the government does nothing during the grace period and faces a fourth delay, trust in the tax system itself will collapse,” he stated, noting that the possibility of another postponement cannot be ruled out given current conditions.
Critical Infrastructure Gaps Threaten 2027 Tax Launch
The current Income Tax Act stipulates that income from virtual asset transfers and rentals will be taxed starting in 2027, with a 22% rate applied to annual gains exceeding 2.5 million won.
However, definitions and standards for various income sources remain fundamentally unclear, including tax criteria for airdrops, hard forks, mining, staking, and rental income.
Eleven months after the last deferral, authorities have not formed public-private task forces, and virtual asset taxation remains absent from the national tax administration plan.
Kim specifically highlighted the lack of taxation standards for transactions conducted outside domestic exchanges, encompassing overseas platforms, decentralized services, and peer-to-peer transfers.
Regulations regarding non-resident taxation, acquisition price calculations, and tax timing are similarly undefined.
The taxation system for rental income remains a blank slate, with no clear criteria for determining whether virtual asset lending and staking constitute taxable transactions.
Under current conditions, starting taxation would create unfair enforcement, with domestic exchange users on platforms like Upbit and Bithumb subject to levies while overseas exchange users escape scrutiny.
A Ministry of Strategy and Finance official acknowledged, “Large-scale investments can be tracked, but small transactions by individual investors are still out of reach.”
The government believes proper taxation will only become possible once an international agreement requiring 48 countries to share virtual asset transaction information takes effect in 2027, following South Korea’s official signing of the OECD’s Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework.
Enforcement Actions Intensify Despite Tax Implementation Uncertainty
While tax implementation stalls, enforcement around crypto compliance has sharply intensified.
The National Tax Service has confiscated more than 146 billion won in crypto from over 14,000 delinquent taxpayers over the past four years, warning that officers can seize cold wallets through home visits if individuals fail to settle outstanding bills.
“We can now monitor a non-compliant taxpayer’s crypto transaction history using tracking programs, and if we suspect they are hiding their coins offline, we can conduct searches at their homes,” an agency spokesperson explained.
Local governments have launched parallel crackdowns, with Cheongju city announcing it seized crypto from 203 residents since 2021 and opened a trading account on a domestic exchange to liquidate confiscated assets directly.
Seoul’s Gangnam district has seized 340 million won since late last year, while the Korea Financial Intelligence Unit is preparing a fresh round of sanctions against major exchanges following anti-money laundering inspections at Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and GOPAX.
Meanwhile, the Financial Services Commission reported that verified users eligible to trade on domestic exchanges reached 10.77 million in the first half of 2025, approaching the 14.23 million listed stock investors recorded at year-end.
Data also shows 78.9 trillion won in crypto has been transferred from domestic exchanges to overseas platforms or individual wallets, suggesting traders may be positioning ahead of potential taxation.
Recently, Park Joo-cheol of the Korea Institute of Public Finance also cautioned that lingering ambiguities could trigger legal challenges once taxation begins, urging policymakers to use remaining time to “clarify key definitions and prepare for international data-sharing challenges.”
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